For individuals, Form 1040 (or 1040-SR) with schedules like A (deductions), B (interest/dividends), C (self-employment), D (capital gains), E (rentals/partnerships), and F (farms); businesses use 1065 (partnerships), 1120 (C-corps), 1120-S (S-corps), or Schedule C for sole proprietors; trusts and estates file 1041, while nonprofits file the 990 series (990, 990-EZ, 990-N, 990-PF).

Recording daily financial transactions, managing accounts payable/receivable, reconciling bank/credit card statements, processing payroll, preparing & sending invoices, tracking expenses/receipts, maintaining the general ledger, generating financial reports (e.g., balance sheets, P&L statements), paying bills, and assisting with budgeting and forecasting.

Financial strategy and long-range planning, annual and rolling budget preparation, cash-flow monitoring and forecasting, revenue and expense forecasting, financial modeling for decisions and growth, monthly close oversight and financial statement review, margin and variance analysis, pricing and unit-economics analysis, KPI development and performance tracking, cost controls and spend discipline, accounting process supervision, internal controls and risk management, tax planning coordination, banking and treasury management, board-level reporting and advisory, investor and lender communications, capital planning and fundraising support, contract and commercial review, systems and workflow optimization, audit and compliance coordination.

Enterprise-level financial modeling, multi-scenario and Monte Carlo forecasting, long-range strategic planning, integrated three-statement modeling, driver-based budgeting and rolling forecasts, unit-economics and cohort analysis, margin and contribution analysis, capital allocation and ROI modeling, headcount and capacity planning, pricing and elasticity analysis, cash-flow stress testing, variance root-cause analysis, sensitivity and risk modeling.

Data strategy and architecture design, open-source intelligence (OSINT) collection and validation, data integration from public, proprietary, and internal sources, data cleaning and normalization, exploratory and statistical analysis, KPI and metric design, dashboard and report development, trend and anomaly detection, forecasting and scenario analysis, market and competitive intelligence, risk and exposure analysis, decision-support modeling, automation of data pipelines, documentation and reproducibility practices, and stakeholder briefings.

Grant strategy and proposal development, funder research and relationship building, grant writing, submission, and post-award reporting, nonprofit budget oversight and financial stewardship, board support and governance coordination, strategic planning and organizational leadership, staff supervision and day-to-day management, program design, implementation, and evaluation, donor cultivation and fundraising, government and agency coordination, contract and partnership negotiation, compliance with state and federal requirements, policy and procedure development, risk management, public representation and advocacy, operational oversight, audit and filing coordination, long-term sustainability and growth planning.